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Left-wing market anarchism, a form of left-libertarianism, individualist anarchism〔Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). ''Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty''. Brooklyn, NY:Minor Compositions/Autonomedia〕 and libertarian socialism,〔"It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism." Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). ''Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty''. Brooklyn, NY:Minor Compositions/Autonomedia. Pg. Back cover〕〔"But there has always been a market-oriented strand of libertarian socialism that emphasizes voluntary cooperation between producers. And markets, properly understood, have always been about cooperation. As a commenter at Reason magazine’s Hit&Run blog, remarking on Jesse Walker’s link to the Kelly article, put it: “every trade is a cooperative act.” In fact, it’s a fairly common observation among market anarchists that genuinely free markets have the most legitimate claim to the label “socialism.”".("Socialism: A Perfectly Good Word Rehabilitated" ) by Kevin Carson at website of Center for a Stateless Society〕 is associated with contemporary scholars such as Kevin Carson,〔Carson, Kevin A. (2008). ''Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective''. Charleston, SC:BookSurge.〕〔Carson, Kevin A. (2010). ''The Homebrew Industrial Revolution: A Low-Overhead Manifesto''. Charleston, SC:BookSurge.〕 Roderick T. Long,〔Long, Roderick T. (2000). ''Reason and Value: Aristotle versus Rand''. Washington, DC:Objectivist Center〕〔Long, Roderick T. (2008). "(An Interview With Roderick Long )"〕 Charles Johnson,〔Johnson, Charles W. (2008). "(Liberty, Equality, Solidarity: Toward a Dialectical Anarchism )." ''Anarchism/Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?'' In Long, Roderick T. and Machan, Tibor Aldershot:Ashgate pp. 155-88.〕 Brad Spangler,〔Spangler, Brad (15 September 2006). "(Market Anarchism as Stigmergic Socialism )."〕 Samuel Edward Konkin III,〔Konkin III, Samuel Edward. ''(The New Libertarian Manifesto )''.〕 Sheldon Richman,〔Richman, Sheldon (23 June 2010). "(Why Left-Libertarian? )" ''The Freeman''. Foundation for Economic Education.〕〔Richman, Sheldon (18 December 2009). "(Workers of the World Unite for a Free Market )." Foundation for Economic Education.〕〔Sheldon Richman (3 February 2011). "(Libertarian Left: Free-market anti-capitalism, the unknown ideal )." ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved 5 March 2012.〕 Chris Matthew Sciabarra,〔Sciabarra, Chris Matthew (2000). ''Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism''. University Park, PA:Pennsylvania State University Press.〕 and Gary Chartier,〔Chartier, Gary (2009). ''Economic Justice and Natural Law''. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.〕 who stress the value of radically free markets, termed ''freed markets'' to distinguish them from the common conception which these libertarians believe to be riddled with statist and capitalist privileges.〔Gillis, William (2011). "The Freed Market." In Chartier, Gary and Johnson, Charles. ''Markets Not Capitalism''. Brooklyn, NY:Minor Compositions/Autonomedia. pp. 19–20.〕 Referred to as left-wing market anarchists〔Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). ''Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty''. Brooklyn, NY:Minor Compositions/Autonomedia. pp. 1–16.〕 or market-oriented left-libertarians,〔 proponents of this approach strongly affirm the classical liberal ideas of self-ownership and free markets, while maintaining that, taken to their logical conclusions, these ideas support anti-capitalist,〔Gary Chartier and Charles W. Johnson (eds). ''Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty''. Minor Compositions; 1st edition (November 5, 2011〕〔Writing before the rise of the Carson–Long school of left-libertarianism, historian of American anarchism David DeLeon was disinclined to treat any market-oriented variant of libertarianism as leftist; see DeLeon, David (1978). The American as Anarchist: Reflections on Indigenous Radicalism. Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 123.〕〔Gary Chartier has joined Kevin Carson, Charles Johnson, and others (echoing the language of Benjamin Tucker and Thomas Hodgskin) in maintaining that, because of its heritage and its emancipatory goals and potential, radical market anarchism should be seen—by its proponents and by others—as part of the socialist tradition, and that market anarchists can and should call themselves "socialists." See Gary Chartier, "Advocates of Freed Markets Should Oppose Capitalism," "Free-Market Anti-Capitalism?" session, annual conference, Association of Private Enterprise Education (Cæsar's Palace, Las Vegas, NV, April 13, 2010); Gary Chartier, ("Advocates of Freed Markets Should Embrace 'Anti-Capitalism'" ); Gary Chartier, (''Socialist Ends, Market Means: Five Essays'' ). Cp. Tucker, "Socialism."〕 anti-corporatist, anti-hierarchical, pro-labor positions in economics; anti-imperialism in foreign policy; and thoroughly radical views regarding such cultural issues as gender, sexuality, and race. The genealogy of contemporary market-oriented left-libertarianism—sometimes labeled "left-wing market anarchism"〔Chris Sciabarra is the only scholar associated with this school of left-libertarianism who is skeptical about anarchism; see Sciabarra's ''Total Freedom''〕—overlaps to a significant degree with that of Steiner–Vallentyne left-libertarianism as the roots of that tradition are sketched in the book ''The Origins of Left-Libertarianism''.〔Peter Vallentyne and Hillel Steiner. ''The origins of Left Libertarianism''. Palgrave. 2000〕 Carson–Long-style left-libertarianism is rooted in 19th-century mutualism and in the work of figures such as Thomas Hodgskin and the individualist anarchists Benjamin Tucker and Lysander Spooner. While, with notable exceptions, market-oriented libertarians after Tucker tended to ally with the political right, relationships between such libertarians and the New Left thrived in the 1960s, laying the groundwork for modern left-wing market anarchism.〔Long, Roderick T. (2006). "(Rothbard's 'Left and Right': Forty Years Later )." Rothbard Memorial Lecture, Austrian Scholars Conference.〕 Left-wing market anarchism identifies with Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism)〔Related, arguably synonymous, terms include ''libertarianism'', ''left-wing libertarianism'', ''egalitarian-libertarianism'', and ''libertarian socialism''. *Sundstrom, William A. "(An Egalitarian-Libertarian Manifesto )." *Bookchin, Murray and Biehl, Janet (1997). ''The Murray Bookchin Reader''. New York:Cassell. p. 170. *Sullivan, Mark A. (July 2003). "Why the Georgist Movement Has Not Succeeded: A Personal Response to the Question Raised by Warren J. Samuels." ''American Journal of Economics and Sociology''. 62:3. p. 612.〕 which names several related but distinct approaches to politics, society, culture, and political and social theory, which stress both individual freedom and social justice. Unlike right-libertarians, they believe that neither claiming nor mixing one's labor with natural resources is enough to generate full private property rights,〔Hamowy, Ronald. "Left Libertarianism." The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. p. 288〕 and maintain that natural resources (land, oil, gold, trees) ought to be held in some egalitarian manner, either unowned or owned collectively.〔 Those left-libertarians who support private property do so under the condition that recompense is offered to the local community. == Precedents == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Left-wing market anarchism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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